Nama : Kunthi Ratu J.
NPM : 14211035
Kelas : 4EA17
Bahasa Inggris 2
1. ADVERB VS ADJECTIVE
- Definition & Uses
A. Adverb
Adverbs are descriptive words which are used to add detail to a sentence. They can give important or necessary information (e.g. Please hand me the scalpel now), or they can just make the sentence more interesting or detailed (e.g. A wind blew violently andunceasingly around the town). Adverbs usually modify verbs, and they frequently end in-ly.
Adverbs can be indentified by how or where or when:
The dog ran quickly.
How did the dog run? It ran quickly.
Uses of Adverbs
* Adverbs answer the question how (e.g. How is the dog running?), as well as when, and where.
The dog ran quickly.
Quickly is modifying the verb ran.
* The adverb doesn't have to go after the verb; feel free to vary the sentence structure to make it more interesting for you reader:
Silently, the girl snuck past her parent's room.
* Adverbs can also modify adjective and other adverbs.
The dog ran fairly quickly.
The adverb fairly is modifying the other adverb quickly.
B. Adjective
Adjectives are descriptive words which are used to add detail to a sentence. They can give important or necessary information (e.g. Please hand me the blue paper), or they can just make the sentence more interesting or detailed (e.g. A frigid, icy, painfully coldwind around blew around the town). Adjectives modify (describe) nouns.
Adjective can usually be indentified by asking what:
The girl is beautiful.
What is the girl? She's beautiful.
Uses of Adjective
*Adjective can tell reader how much - or how many - of something you're talking about, which thing you want passed to you, or which kind you want.
Please use three white flowers in the arrangement.
Three and white are modifying flowers.
*If you are using multiple adjective which are commonly put together, there's no need for a comma between the adjectives.
Look at the sweet little puppy!
*If the adjectives aren't usually used together, separate them with a comma or conjuction.
I'm looking for a small, good-tempered dog to keep as a pet.
My new dog is small and good-tempered.
*Adjectives usually go before the noun (e.g. small child) unless one of the following verbs are involved: be, feel, taste, smell, sound, look, appear, seem. In these cases, the adjectives work more like adverbs.
The child is small.
The child seems small.
- Differences
The Basic Rules: Adjectives
Adjectives modify nouns. To modify means to change in some way. For example:
- "I ate a meal." Meal is a noun. We don't know what kind of meal; all we know is that someone ate a meal.
- "I ate an enormous lunch." Lunch is a noun, and enormous is an adjective that modifies it. It tells us what kind of meal the person ate.
Adjectives usually answer one of a few different questions: "What kind?" or "Which?" or "How many?" For example:
- "The tall girl is riding a new bike." Tall tells us which girl we're talking about. New tells us what kind of bike we're talking about.
- "The tough professor gave us the final exam." Tough tells us what kind of professor we're talking about. Final tells us which exam we're talking about.
- "Fifteen students passed the midterm exam; twelve students passed the final exam." Fifteen and twelve both tell us how many students; midterm and final both tell us which exam.
So, generally speaking, adjectives answer the following questions:
- Which?
- What kind of?
- How many?
The Basic Rules: Adverbs
Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. (You can recognize adverbs easily because many of them are formed by adding -ly to an adjective, though that is not always the case.) The most common question that adverbs answer is how.
Let's look at verbs first.
- "She sang beautifully." Beautifully is an adverb that modifies sang. It tells us how she sang.
- "The cellist played carelessly." Carelessly is an adverb that modifies played. It tells us how the cellist played.
Adverbs also modify adjectives and other adverbs.
- "That woman is extremely nice." Nice is an adjective that modifies the noun woman. Extremely is an adverb that modifies nice; it tells us how nice she is. How nice is she? She's extremely nice.
- "It was a terribly hot afternoon." Hot is an adjective that modifies the noun afternoon. Terribly is an adverb that modifies the adjective hot. How hot is it? Terribly hot.
So, generally speaking, adverbs answer the question how. (They can also answer the questions when, where, and why.)
2. Comparison Degree
* The Positive Degree
The positive degree of and adjective in comparisson is the adjective in its simple form. It is used to denote the more existence of some quality of what we speak about. It is used when no comparison is made.
> It is a tall building.
> Apple is sweet to taste.
* The Comparative Degree
The comparative degree is used to compare the qualities of two persons or things.
The comparative degree denotes the existence of a higher degree of the quality than the positive. It used when two things (or two sets of things) are compared.
> This building is taller than any other building.
> Apple is sweeter than pear.
* The Superlative Degree
The superlative degree denotes the existence of the highets degree of the quality. It used when more than two things are compared.
> This is tallest building.
> Apple is the sweetest fruit.
Example :
* The Positive Degree
1. Martha is a nice girl.
2. Marthin speak english well.
3. China is big country.
4. This flower is beautiful.
5. He is an intellegent student.
* The Comparative Degree
1. She is prettier than her sister.
2. China is bigger than India.
3. Take the shorter of the two routes.
4. She is smarter than him.
5. Your old brother is wiser than you.
* The Superlative Degree
1. Tina is the most intellegent girl in my class.
2. Rusia is the biggest country in the world.
3. This is the most interesting book I ever read.
4. This flower is the most beautiful one in the garden.
5. This is the best singer in this country
Source :
http://www.english-for-students.com/Degrees-of-Comparison.html
http://www.englishgrammar.org/degrees-comparison-exercise-2/
http://www.weblearn.in/degrees_of_comparison/
http://www.grammarly.com/handbook/grammar/adjectives-and-adverbs/
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/owlprint/536/
http://studentsite.gunadarma.ac.id/
http://baak.gunadarma.ac.id/
